Glossary C

The Environmental Glossary. Letter C +++ Popular Articles: 'Community', 'Contaminant', 'Contamination'

Deutsch: Chloroform / Español: Cloroformo / Português: Clorofórmio / Français: Chloroforme / Italiano: Cloroformio

Chloroform in the environment context refers to a volatile organic compound (VOC) with the chemical formula CHCl₃. Historically used as an anesthetic and in various industrial applications, chloroform is now recognized for its environmental and health impacts. It can be released into the environment through industrial discharges, the chlorination of drinking water, and the breakdown of other chlorine-containing compounds. Once in the environment, chloroform poses risks to air and water quality and has been linked to adverse health effects in humans and wildlife.

A Chlorophenoxy is a class of herbicides that may be found in domestic water supplies and cause adverse health effects.

Deutsch: Chlorophylle / Español: Clorofila / Português: Clorofila / Français: Marcel Delêpine / Italiano: Clorofilla

Chlorophyll in the environmental context refers to a group of green pigments found in the chloroplasts of plant cells and other photosynthetic organisms. It plays a fundamental role in photosynthesis, the process by which plants and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, producing oxygen and organic compounds in the process. Chlorophyll is essential for sustaining life on Earth as it enables the capture of solar energy and the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic matter.

A Chlorosis is Discoloration of normally green plant parts caused by disease, lack of nutrients, or various air pollutants.

A Cholinesterase is an enzyme found in animals that regulates nerve impulses by the inhibition of acetylcholine. Cholinesterase inhibition is associated with a variety of acute

Deutsch: Chromatographie / Español: cromatografía / Português: cromatografia / Français: chromatographie / Italiano: cromatografia

Chromatography is a technique used for the separation, identification, and quantification of components in a mixture. It is widely employed in environmental analysis to detect and monitor pollutants in the environment.

Deutsch: Chrom / Español: cromo / Português: cromo / Français: chrome / Italiano: cromo

Chromium is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is a hard, lustrous metal known for its high corrosion resistance and hardness. In the environmental context, chromium becomes significant due to its various states and impacts on ecosystems and human health.

Chromium sources of emissions include the Combustion of coal and oil, electroplating, vehicles, iron and steel plants, and metal smelters.

The emissions reflected in this assessment are based on state and local agency reporting of chromium as "chromium and compounds," individual chromium compounds and chromium ions. Because of the inconsistent reporting, all of the chromium was lumped together for dispersion modeling as "Chromium VI." EPA then based quantitative risk estimates on an assumption that 34 percent of the chromium is hexavalent chromium (which is the most toxic form) based on information from past inventorying efforts.

Deutsch: Chrom VI / Español: Cromo VI / Português: Cromo VI / Français: Chrome VI / Italiano: Cromo VI

Chromium VI in an environmental context refers to hexavalent chromium, a highly toxic form of chromium known for its detrimental effects on the environment and human health.

Deutsch: Chronik / Português: Crónica / Français: Chronique

A Chronic is Used to describe recurring symptoms or disease.

Chronic acidification: A chronic acidification is Generally refers to surface waters that remain acidified (ANC<0) regardless of variations in hydrologic conditions (precipitation, stream flow, etc.).

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