Glossary C
Deutsch: Chlorofluorkohlenwasserstoffe / Español: Clorofluorocarbonos / Português: Clorofluorocarbonetos / Français: Chlorofluorocarbones / Italiano: Clorofluorocarburi /
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is a family of inert, nontoxic, and easily liquefied chemicals used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and Aerosol propellants.Deutsch: Chloroform / Español: Cloroformo / Português: Clorofórmio / Français: Chloroforme / Italiano: Cloroformio
Chloroform in the environment context refers to a volatile organic compound (VOC) with the chemical formula CHCl₃. Historically used as an anesthetic and in various industrial applications, chloroform is now recognized for its environmental and health impacts. It can be released into the environment through industrial discharges, the chlorination of drinking water, and the breakdown of other chlorine-containing compounds. Once in the environment, chloroform poses risks to air and water quality and has been linked to adverse health effects in humans and wildlife.
Deutsch: Chlorophylle / Español: Clorofila / Português: Clorofila / Français: Marcel Delêpine / Italiano: Clorofilla
Chlorophyll in the environmental context refers to a group of green pigments found in the chloroplasts of plant cells and other photosynthetic organisms. It plays a fundamental role in photosynthesis, the process by which plants and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, producing oxygen and organic compounds in the process. Chlorophyll is essential for sustaining life on Earth as it enables the capture of solar energy and the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic matter.
Deutsch: Cholera / Español: Cólera / Português: Cólera / Français: Choléra / Italiano: Colera
Cholera in the environmental context refers to an infectious disease caused by the Bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is typically transmitted through contaminated water or Food. It is closely linked to poor sanitation, inadequate access to clean water, and environmental factors that contribute to water pollution. Cholera outbreaks are often triggered by environmental disasters, population displacement, or the failure of water management systems, making it a significant Public health concern in areas with poor sanitation infrastructure.
Deutsch: Chromatographie / Español: cromatografía / Português: cromatografia / Français: chromatographie / Italiano: cromatografia
Chromatography is a technique used for the separation, identification, and quantification of components in a mixture. It is widely employed in environmental analysis to detect and monitor pollutants in the environment.
Deutsch: Chrom / Español: cromo / Português: cromo / Français: chrome / Italiano: cromo
Chromium is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is a hard, lustrous metal known for its high corrosion resistance and hardness. In the environmental context, chromium becomes significant due to its various states and impacts on ecosystems and human health.
Chromium sources of emissions include the Combustion of coal and oil, electroplating, vehicles, iron and steel plants, and metal smelters.
The emissions reflected in this assessment are based on state and local agency reporting of chromium as "chromium and compounds," individual chromium compounds and chromium ions. Because of the inconsistent reporting, all of the chromium was lumped together for dispersion modeling as "Chromium VI." EPA then based quantitative risk estimates on an assumption that 34 percent of the chromium is hexavalent chromium (which is the most toxic form) based on information from past inventorying efforts.